Tessnow was convicted and executed for the murders and later became infamous as the Mad Carpenter. He analyzed the resulting clumps and determined the stains were from human and sheep blood. Uhlenhuth used his technique to study the stains on Tessnow's shirt.
Uhlenhuth had noted that the original egg proteins would clump, or precipitate out of the solution. He did so during an experiment in which he had injected a rabbit with chicken egg proteins, extracted serum from the blood of the rabbit, and then mixed the serum with an egg white so as to be able to study the serum. In 1900, Uhlenhuth had developed a technique to find antibodies. By 1900, researchers at that institution had posited the existence of antibodies and had hypothesized about their relations to other proteins. To determine the source of the stains on Tessnow's clothing, authorities contacted Paul Uhlenhuth, a professor at the University of Griefswald in Griefswald, Germany. Police suspected Ludwig Tessnow of murdering the boys, as witnesses had earlier described Tessnow of having suspicious bloodstains on his shirt the day of the murder. In 1901, authorities found the disemboweled and dismembered bodies of two boys in the forests of Rügen, Germany. If a woman of type-O gives birth to a type-O child, a man with type-AB blood cannot be the father. For example, a parent with an AB-blood type could never have a child with blood type O. Additionally, scientists use blood-typing to determine paternity. Forensic scientists often use techniques to identify blood types (blood typing) because an individual's blood type isn't affected by disease, drugs, climate, occupation, living conditions, or any other physical circumstances. If antibody proteins detect red blood cells with foreign antigens, they attach to those antigens and cause them to clump. An antibody is a protein in the blood plasma used by the immune system to identify and neutralize bacteria, viruses, and other foreign objects. In a body, those antigens are recognized and attached to by antibodies.
When scientists identify blood types, they rely on slight differences in the antigens, or protein markers on the surfaces of red blood cells in a blood sample. Furthermore, forensic scientists can use that information to exculpate people suspected of some types of crimes, and they can use it to help determine the paternity of children.
Once doctors differentiated blood into distinct types, they could use that information to safely perform blood transfusions. Uhlenhuth developed a technique to identify the existence of antibodies, and Landsteiner and his students showed that humans had distinctly different blood types called A, B, AB, and O. Paul Uhlenhuth and Karl Landsteiner, two scientists working separately in Germany in the early twentieth century, showed that there are differences in blood between individuals. The use of blood in forensic analysis is a method for identifying individuals suspected of committing some kinds of crimes. ABO Blood Type Identification and Forensic Science (1900-1960)
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